原文作者:杨文
动词的时态和语态是初中英语的一个重要语法项目,也是各地中考试题的一个考查热点。综合分析历年全国各地中考试题,中考主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、现在进行时、一般将来时、过去完成时以及各种时态的被动语态的构成及用法。下面结合部分省市中考试题谈谈动词时态和语态试题的解题思路。
1. —what’s his brother?
—he is a teacher. he _______ maths at a school. (2012武汉)
a. taught b. has taught
c. teaches d. will teach
【分析】本题上句的意思是:他哥哥是干什么的?答语的意思是:他是教师。他在一所学校教数学。答语讲述的是他哥哥目前的情况,要用一般现在时,因此答案是c。
2. i don’t remember when and where i _______ this umbrella. (2012武汉)
a. buy b. have bought
c. will buy d. bought
【分析】本题的意思是:我不记得我是在何时何地买这把雨伞的。“买”的动作发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,因此答案是d。
3. ben is a foreign teacher. so far, he ______ in shiyan for five years. (2012 湖北十堰)
a. was teaching b. has taught
c. will teacher d. taught
【分析】本题的意思是:本是一个外教。到目前为止,他在十堰任教已经有五年了。由句中的时间状语for five years可知句子的谓语动词要用现在完成时,因此本题的答案是b。
4. —where were you last saturday?
—i ______ in the capital museum. (2012北京)
a. am b. will be
c. was d. have been
【分析】本题上句的意思是:上周星期六你去哪里了?答语的意思是:我去了首都博物馆。答语讲述的是上周星期六发生的动作,要用一般过去时,因此答案是c。
5. —may i speak to the headmaster?
—he ______ a meeting now. can i take a message? (2012北京)
a. is having b. had
c. has d. will have
【分析】本题上句的意思是:能让校长接电话吗?答语的意思是:他现在正在开会。我能捎个口信吗?由句中的时间状语now知道,本题讲述的是讲话时正在进行的动作,要用现在进行时,因此答案是a。
6. i ______ mr. smith since he moved to shanghai. (2012北京) [论文网]
a. didn’t hear from
b. don’t hear from
c. won’t hear from
d. haven’t heard from
【分析】本题的意思是:自从史密斯先生搬到上海以后我就没有收到他的来信。since
在本题中是连词,引导一个时间状语从句,表示“自从……以来有多长时间”,通常和现在完成时连用,因此答案是d。
7. —we’ll go for a picnic if it ______ this sunday.
—wish you a lovely weekend. (2012 福州)
a. rain b. doesn’t rain
c. won’t rain
【分析】本题上句的意思是:如果这个星期天不下雨我们将去野餐。答语的意思是:
祝你们度过一个愉快的周末。本题上句主句的时态是一般将来时,if引导条件状语从句,在状语从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来,因此答案是b。
8. —i saw mr. smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.
—that’s impossible. he ______ an english party with us then. (2012南京)
a. has b. had
c. was having d. has had
【分析】本题上句的意思是:昨天早晨十点钟我在办公室见过史密斯先生。答语的意思是:那不可能。他当时正在和我们一起开英语晚会。句中的时间状语then= at ten yesterday morning,表示昨天早晨十点钟时正在进行的动作,要用过去进行时,因此本题答案是c。
9. —where is mr. black? i have something important to tell him.
—you can’t find him. he ______ hong kong. (2012湖北孝感)
a. will go to b. would go to
c. has gone to d. has been to
【分析】本题上句的意思是:布莱克先生在哪里?我有重要的事情要告诉他。答语的
意思是:你不能找到他。他到香港去了。has gone to some place表示“到某地去了”,has been to some place表示“去过某地”。因此答案是c。
10. today, computers are really helpful. they ______ everywhere. (2012北京)
a. use b. are used
c. used d. were used
【分析】本题的意思是:现在计算机真的很有用。到处都使用计算机。根据句子的意思,计算机是被使用的,应用被动语态,再根据时间状语today,应该使用一般现在时的被动语态,因此答案是b。
11. the task ______ in an hour. then we can go home and have a good rest. (2012安徽)
a. was fi
nished
b. will be finished
c. has been finished
d. can’t be finished
【分析】本题的意思是:这项任务将在一个小时后完成。完成之后我们就可以回家好好休息。根据句子的意思和结构,任务应该是被完成的,再根据句中的时间状语in an hour,要用一般将来时的被动语态,因此答案是b。
12. tony ______ to take part in the talk show on cctv-3 the day before yesterday. (2012湖北孝感)
a. invites b. invited
c. is invited d. was invited
【分析】本题的意思是:托尼前天被邀请去参加cctv-3的脱口秀节目。根据句子的意思和时间状语the day before yesterday,应该使用一般过去时的被动语态,因此答案是d。
13. —hey, molly. you ______ on the phone just now. but you weren’t here and the man left a phone number.
—oh, i was in the library. (2012湖北黄冈)
a. wanted b. are wanted
c. were wanted d. have wanted
【分析】本题上句的意思是:莫利,刚才有电话找你,但你不在,那个人留下了一个电话号码。答语的意思是:我去图书馆了。根据句意,莫利是被找的,要用被动语态,再根据时间状语just now(刚才),应该用一般过去时的被动语态,因此答案是c。
14. i’m sure that stricter rules to control cigarette smoking ______ very soon. (2012上海)
a. made b. will make
c. were made d. will be made
【分析】本题的意思是:我相信控制吸烟的更严格的措施很快就会制定出来。本题是一个带有宾语从句的复合句,stricter rules是宾语从句的主语,动词不定式to control cigarette smoking是后置定语,修饰主语stricter rules,措施应该是被制定,要用被动语态,再根据时间状语very soon,要用一般将来时的被动语态,因此是d。