原文作者:梁露茜
情态动词是初中英语中的一个重要语法项目,也是各地中考试题的一个考查热点。下面结合部分省市中考试题,对情态动词的考查热点作一分析。
一、考查can, may和
must表示推测的用法
情态动词can, may和must都可以表示推测,但它们的用法不同。
① can表示推测时,意为“可能”,表示客观可能性,通常用于疑问句和否定句中。就中考而言,主要考查can’t表示“不可能”的用法。例如:
1. the lady in this photo ______ be over fifty! she looks so young. (2012无锡市)
a. mustn’t b. must
c. can’t d. can
2. —is maria knocking at the door?
—it ______ be her. she is in australia now. (2012黄石市)
a. may not b. needn’t
c. mustn’t d. can’t
3. you ______ be serious!you’re actually going to lend him money again?(2012杭州市)
a. needn’t b. can’t
c. shouldn’t d. mustn’t
② may表示表示推测时,意思是“也许”,“可能”,通常用于肯定句中。例如:
4. —have you decided which senior high school to choose?
—not yet. i ______ go to moonlight school. (2012南京市)
a. must b. may c. need d. should
5. —do you have any plans for this weekend?
—i’m not sure. i ______ go climbing mount yuntai. (2012河南)
a. must b. need c. may d. can [论文网]
6. —excuse me, when are we going to have a picnic?
—i’m not sure. ask the monitor, please. he ______ know. (2012扬州市)
a. need b. can c. may d. shall
③ must表示推测时,意为“一定”,“肯定”,表示可能性很大,通常只用于肯定句,不用于否定句或疑问句。例如:
7. —you ______ be happy with the strong public support you’ve received.
—yes, you’re right. i’m really excited. (2012武汉市)
a. may b. can c. must d. need
8. —fifty dollars for such a blouse! you ______ be joking!
—i’m serious. it’s made of silk. (2012兰州市)
a. must b. can c. may d. need
9. —you ______ be excited that you’re going back to your hometown soon.
—yes, i can’t wait any longer. (2012包头市)
a. shall b. can c. need d. must
keys: 1~5 cdbbc 6~9 ccad
二、考查must表示义务的用法
①在这一用法中,must意为“必须”,“应该”,表示必须要做的事。例如:
1. people ______ always be careful with fire, or it can be dangerous. (2012吉林)
a. can b. needn’t
c. must d. shouldn’t
2. drivers ______ wear the safety belt when driving. this is the traffic rule. (2012丽水市)
a. can b. may c. will d. must
②must的否定式mustn’t表示禁止,即不许对方做某事。例如:
3. school students ______ smoke because it is against the school rules. (2012绵阳市)
a. needn’t b. couldn’t
c. won’t d. mustn’t
4. you ______ play with the knife. it’s very dangerous. (2012宁夏)
a. needn’t b. mustn’t
c. may not d. might not
③以must开头的一般疑问句,如果是否定的回答,要用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”,“没有必要” 的意思,不用mustn’t。例如:
5. —______ i do the laundry first?
—no, you ______. you can do your homework first. (2012黄冈市)
a. must; mustn’t b. can; mustn’t c. must; needn’t d. may; needn’t
6. —mom, must i clean my room now?
—no, you ______. you can do it tomorrow. (2012重庆市)
a. can’t b. needn’t
c. mustn’t d. shouldn’t
7. —mum, must i wash the dishes right now?
—no
, you _______. (2012北京市)
a. shouldn’t b. wouldn’t
c. mustn’t d. needn’t
keys: 1~5 cddbc 6~7 bd
三、考查can表示能力的用法
can表示能力时,意思是“能,会”,其否定式can’t表示“不能”。在过去时中用could
和couldn’t。例如:
1. with the help of the new technology, you ______ e-mail your friends by mobile phone. (2012上海市)
a. can b. must c. need d. should
2. —i’m afraid i need a pair of glasses. i _____ hardly see the words on the blackboard.
—that’s terrible. you may have got poor eyesight. (2012镇江市)
a. can b. must c. may d. need
3. last year i ______ drive. i used to take the bus. (2012南昌)
a. could b. couldn’t
c. should d. shouldn’t
keys: 1~3 aab
四、考查can / could表示请求许可的用法
在这一用法中,can和could都表示现在,用could比用can语气更加委婉客气,常用can/could i (you) ...?句式,表示“我/你能……吗?”若表示同意要用can, 不用could。例如:
1. —______ i swim here?
—i’m sorry. children ______ swim alone here. (2012广东)
a. must; can’t b. may; must
c. can; mustn’t d. can’t; can
2. —______ i try on those shoes in the window?
—______. they are just on show. (2012呼和浩特市)
a. could; yes, you can
b. can; sorry, you couldn’t
c. could; sorry, you can
d. can; yes, you could
keys: 1~2 ca