nbsp; three mach
ines can be controlled by a single operator.
the light is refracted by the surface of the glass.
2.2. pseudo-passive
another passive form is “pseudo-passive”. it is considered as passive. because the predicate of pseudo-passive is “be+-ed”. it is impossible that pseudo-passive can be transformed into active voice. “be” in pseudo-passives can be replaced by “become, feel, remain and seem”. the past participles can be modified by “very, quite, more and rather.” the participles in pseudo-passive don’t have the characteristics of verbal-participle. it just becomes an adjective.
for examples:
my uncle was (got or seemed) (very) tired.
the car was old and ruined.
the agentless passive sometimes is regarded as “subject + copula + predicative”.
2.3. quasi-passive
2.3.1. quasi-passive also call semi-passive. it is between true-passive and pseudo-passive. the –ed participles in quasi-passives can express the characteristics of verbal-participle and adjectival-participle. this structure can be transformed into active form. it also can be modified by “very, quite more and rather”. “be” in quasi-passive can be replaced by “feel, seem, become and remain”.
for examples:
i was alarmed by the news.
→ the news alarmed me.
→ i was alarmed by and angry at the news.
→ i was very alarmed by the news.
→ i felt alarmed by the news.
she was irritated by these two children.
→ these two children irritated her.
→ she was irritated by and fond of these two children.
→ she was more irritated by this child than by that.
→ sh
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