以“advice”一词为例，可按以下步骤进行训练： １）重复课文中句子。体会新词、词组、句型的含义和用法。 让学生说出或写出课文中句子。 in one of his books,marx gave some advice on how to learn a for （１） （２） （３）eign language. ２）要求学生改变划线的某一部分或某几部分。 学生可能造出下面的句子：* in one of his books,lenin gave some advice on how to learn a for eign language.* in class,our english teacher gave some advice on how to learn aforeign languag e.* at the meeting,he gave some advice on how to improve our english. ３）教师可将课文中的句子稍加变化，让学生进一步体会新内容，继续模仿造句。* he gave a piece of advice on our work.* the old worker gave me much good advice. 通过以上句子，让学生了解advice是不可数名词。 ４）还可给一些与advice搭配的其它词组，让学生模仿造句。如： take one's advice 接受某人的建议 do(act)on one's advice 按某人建议去做 ５）进而介绍advice的动词形式为advise，并让学生模仿造句。* the doctor advised my father to stop smoking.* she advised me to wear my best clothes in the party. 例二：训练写短文 以学习《新概念英语》第二册第一课为例 １）要求学生听写或复述课文内容 a private conversation last week i went to the theatre.i had a very good seat.the playwas very interesting.i did no t enjoy it.a young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.they were talking loudly.i got v ery angry.icould not hear the actors.i turned round.i looked at the man and thewoman angrily.the y didn't pay any attention.in the end,i could not bear it.i turned round again.“i can't hear a word!”i said angrily.“it's none of your business,”the young man said rudely.“this is a priva te conversation!” ２）要求学生改变或部分改变短文中的“人称”、“地点”、“时间”，写一篇故事情节新的短文。 last sunday i went to the cinema.i had a very good seat.the filmwas very interesting.but i d idn't enjoy it.two young men were sitting in front of me.they were talking loudly and smoking.i couldn't hear the actors and then i began to cough.they didn't pay any attentionto me.in the end ,i couldn't bear it.i said to them,“no smoking hereand keep quiet please.”one of them turned r ound and said rudely,“it's none of your business!” 划线部分为学生改变了的部分 ３）教师给出文中若干重点词、词组、句型让学生结合自己的思想和生活实际写一篇新短文。 ①enjoy ②get angry ③pay attention to ④bear ⑤rudely ⑥it's none of your business. in the reading-room one afternoon,i went to the library.i borrowed a new book.it wasvery interesting.i enjoyed i t very much.while i was reading it in the reading-room,a boy came in and sat beside me.he was re ading aloud.i couldn't put my heart into the book.so i got very angry.i said tohim ,“please kee p silent.”but he didn't pay any attention.after awhile,i couldn't bear it any more.i said to hi m,“don't read aloud!this is not in your home,but a reading-room.”the boy looked at me angrily and said rudely,“it's none of your business i'm reading to myself.”
学生不仅可用原文中新学的语言知识（划线部分），还可用学过的旧知识（共１０处）。 ２．将听、说、读、写训练有机地结合 学习语言的途径主要是“模仿”而不是“创造”。人们常常首先是通过“听”和“读”来吸收语言知识， 从而了解别人的思想；再通过“说”和“写”的方式表达自己的思想，达到让别人了解的目的。所以我们在训 练学生写作能力时，注意与训练听、说、读能力结合起来进行。我们常对学生说：nothingshould be read or spoken before it has been heard.nothing should bewritten before it has been read or spoken. 具体做法是： １）听：２－３遍。 ２）说：回答理解性问题（检验听的效果，做单句“说”的训练）。 ３）读：准确了解所听内容，深入理解文中重点语言知识及用法。 ４）说： ①复述：连贯性“说”的训练，完整地重复别人的话，进行语言模仿； ②自由表达：用学到的语言知识重新组合，表达自己的思想。（值日生报告、自由谈话、讨论都是很好的 形式）。 ５）写：把自己所说的话准确地用文字记录下来。 ３．写作训练贯穿整个课文教学的各个环节，训练方式应多种多样。可分以下四个阶段： １）在理解熟悉课文内容阶段进行听写训练。 ①根据课文回答问题，串连答案成篇； ②听写５－１０个句子，然后调整句序，组成短文； ③听写课文中的重点段落或由课文改写的短文； ④听写短文，然后进行完形填空。 ２）在课文重点词汇学习阶段进行造句训练。 ①模仿书上句型造句； ②模仿教师范文造句； ③选词造句，联句成文。 ３）在复习巩固课文阶段进行改写、缩写训练。 ①抓段落中心句，构成课文概要； ②看图说写，叙述成文； ③将故事性课文改写成对话或小剧本； ④将对话性课文改写成叙述文。 ４）在综合运用知识阶段进行模仿作文和自由表达训练。 ①模仿课文内容和体裁写命题作文。如：记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文； ②结合课内外阅读，联系生活实际，做自由书面表达练习。写一段自己的真实思想或生活中经历过的事； ③结合课文做相关内容的自由书面表达练习。可采用模仿方法进行练习。如： 《清洁工人罢工》，写“罢工采访报告” 《教师肖像》，写“我的老师” 《蚕花娘子》，写“养蚕经过” 《长城》，写“长城简介” 《污染》，写“消除污染大会上的发言” 《观蚁》，写“观蜂”（或“观××”） 《小英雄》，写“一个英雄的故事” ４．控制性原则。写作能力培养要注意控制性原则。从模仿逐渐达到自由表达，自由表达又要在有所控制 下进行。 高中学生的思维活动能力远远超过他们所掌握的英语知识水平所能表达的范畴。如果我们在进行写作训练 时，让学生随心所欲、自由表达，必然写出许多中文式的英文句子来。这不仅不能提高英语水平，反而有碍于 养成良好的外语学习习惯，有碍于掌握地道正确的英语。因此，写作前必须对学生提出明确要求。
